Conventional water treatment processes are very well suited to remove particles. However, the smaller particles get (micro- and nanometer-sized), the harder they are to remove. Still, a significant part ends up in effluent and eventually in the environment. The chemical composition (e.g. plastic particles) and size cause these particles to be unwanted in the environment. Their small size allows uptake and accumulation in aquatic life, eventually posing a risk to human health.
New technologies are urgently required to address the problem of nanoparticles and to remove them from water effectively. This theme focuses on a more sustainable approach in conventional water treatment techniques, such as coagulation/flocculation, to remove nanoparticles. We will develop enhanced coagulation approaches to aggregate, especially the fraction of the smallest nanoparticles, allowing their effective removal through standard flocculation and floatation approaches. The theme started in 2022.